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A computed tomography (CT) scan is a special type of X-ray that can
generate detailed pictures of structures inside the body. A CT scan is also
called a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan.
A CT scanner directs a series of X-rays through the head that are
analyzed by a computer to produce a detailed picture of a “slice”
of the studied area. Each X-ray pulse lasts only a fraction of a second,
and it takes only a few seconds for the machine to record each slice. A CT scan
produces pictures of the brain that are clearer than regular X-rays.
Information from a CT scan can be saved and stored on a computer for further
study. Photographs of selected views can also be made.
Dense tissues (such as bones) that block the most X-rays appear
white in the pictures produced by a CT scan. Less dense tissues, such as brain
tissue or muscles, appear in shades of gray. Fluid-filled spaces (such as the
openings in the brain, or ventricles) appear dark gray. Air-filled spaces (such
as the facial sinus cavities) appear black.
For a CT scan of the head, the head is positioned inside a cylinder
that is part of the CT scanner. The entire scanner can tilt, and the X-ray
scanning cylinder within it can rotate to obtain the views needed. For a head
scan, 10 to 30 slices are usually taken. The results are highly detailed /images
of the head, including the brain and bones of the skull.
A CT scan of the head can provide limited information about the
eyes (orbits), facial bones, and the air-filled cavities (sinuses) within the
bones around the nose. If these areas are of concern, additional CT scanning of
the face (including 30 to 60 more slices) is necessary.
Sometimes a dye that contains iodine (contrast material) is injected into the blood during a
CT scan of the head. The dye makes blood vessels and certain structures inside
the head more visible on the CT scan /images.
CT Scan of the Head and Face Results
The radiologist may discuss preliminary results of the CT scan with
you right after the test. However, complete results usually take 1 to 2
days.
Normal:
The various areas of the brain and its blood vessels are
normal in size, shape, and position. The bones of the skull and face are normal
in shape and location.
No foreign objects or abnormal growths are shown.
No bleeding or abnormal collections of fluid are
seen.
Abnormal:
An abnormal growth (such as a tumor) or bleeding may be
seen in or around the brain. Foreign objects (such as glass or metal fragments)
may be seen. The bones of the skull or face may be broken (fractured) or appear
abnormal. Nerves leading to or from the brain may be damaged or
compressed.
An abnormal collection of fluid (indicating conditions such
as bleeding in or around the brain) may be seen.
A bulge in the wall of a blood vessel (aneurysm) may be seen.
The openings in the brain (ventricles) through which fluid
(cerebrospinal fluid) flows into the spine may be enlarged. An area of the
brain may show evidence of swelling (edema) or other changes that may indicate
stroke.
The air-filled cavities (sinuses) within the bones around
the nose may be filled with fluid or have a thickened lining.
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