Mind/Body Medicine
Mind/body medicine often begins by
promoting physical and mental relaxation, and developing better ways
of coping with stress. Various techniques include meditation,
biofeedback, hypnotherapy, guided imagery, hypnosis,
neuro-linguistic programming, qigong, massage, bodywork,
exercise, yoga, breathwork, and progressive relaxation techniques.
Even herbal remedies and acupuncture may be used to promote
relaxation. Lifestyle changes may also be required in this entire approach to
health.
Relaxation helps people to become more
mindful of their condition, to grow more aware of the body's subtle
signals, and to respond to stress long before its destructive effects
can take hold. Relaxation practices
throughout the day and conditioning oneself to relax instead of
tensing when encountering a source of stress, the exhausted energy
reserves can be rebuilt.
How a person frames or perceives experiences may
also influence on the immune system. Symbolic threats
produce real physiological consequences, as every good worrier knows.
Perception of meaning, and the language used, may also be an
important element of curing.
Psychological Factors Enhance Health and Healing
Sixty-two
studies have shown that supportive social
relationships-friends, extended family, marital ties, and group
membership-had a positive effect upon surgical recovery, recovery
from chronic
and infectious disease, and improvements of cardiovascular
activity and immune function. A lack of these supportive
relationships essentially increased the incidence of death.
Jeanne Achterberg, Ph.D., President of the
Association for Transpersonal Psychology, refers to numerous additional
studies showing that:
- Feelings of helplessness and hopelessness increase cancer growth
and digestive problems.
- Anxiety and stress increase the production of adrenal
corticosteroids which interfere with healing, compromise the
immune system, and encourage cardiovascular disease.
- Fear and anxiety inhibit the cell's repair mechanisms.
- Feelings of security, coupled with the ability to cope, counter
the deleterious effects of negative emotions.
- Joy and relaxation increase circulation to painful or wounded
areas and improve tissue repair.
Health Requires Emotional Balance
Grief, depression, fear, and panic
have been shown to suppress the immune response, while laughter,
play, love, faith, hope, and self-acceptance help to stimulate and
balance immune function. Part of curing, then, involves the
recognition and release of negative emotions such as resentment,
guilt, anger, and self-hatred, and the fostering of feelings of
well-being, adequacy, and self-control. Studies have shown that
having a sense of control, and connectedness promotes the
maintenance of good health even when under stress.
Sharing and Support
Satisfaction in relationships and work are
very important to one's happiness and health. Healthy relationships are
characterized by a mutual flow of giving and receiving, mutual
support and respect, and the ability to work out conflicts and
difficulties.
One of the essential components to curing
is an ability to share feelings and pain with one
another. It shows us that
people are not alone and that they have something to offer. This can
be realized in therapy, in social groups, and through the
development of friends or close family relationships. David Spiegel,
a psychiatrist at Stanford University, demonstrated that women with
breast cancer who participated in a weekly support group lived twice
as long as than those who did not.
Dr. Peper says that there is an evidence that people
who have few social contacts are more likely to get sick and less
likely to recover from an illness. A long-term study found that people with the lowest amount of social
ties were two to three times more likely to die of all causes than
those with the most social connectedness. Dr. Fahrion adds that
isolation and loneliness have also been shown to result in
immune problems in bereaved individuals who have recently lost their
loved ones.
Guided Imagery in Healing
Guided imagery is an important method of
curing. Dr. Achterberg suggests that every image a person has in the mind
can affect immune function, blood flow, and heart rate.
Other studies have shown that guided imagery can decrease chronic
nightmares,
reduce substance abuse, and expel many other psychological and
physiological problems.
Breath
Regulation of breathing plays an important role
in mind/body medicine, because it puts about a
state of relaxation. For example, shallow chest breathing and
hyperventilation, are part of the body's response to stress. These
dysfunctional breathing patterns can cause increased heart rate,
blood vessel constriction, and muscle tension, as well as chains of
negative thoughts.
A person who suppresses unpleasant feelings and
thoughts may also unknowingly restrict his breathing. Thus,
it is important to express and release these emotions in order to
maintain proper breathing. Likewise, proper breathing can help
facilitate an emotional release. Many psycho-oriented therapies such
as Reichian therapy emphasize emotional release through deliberate
change of breathing patterns.
Slow, conscious, diaphragmatic breathing is a
powerful tool for promoting relaxation and awareness. It is an
important component of many therapeutic approaches to the body and
the mind, and is used in most forms of meditation as well as in
the practice of yoga and qigong. When cardiac patients, who
are usually shallow chest breathers, learn slow diaphragmatic
breathing, there is a 50 percent drop in recurrence of coronary
events.
It can also be used to reduce panic attacks, headache, chest pain,
and other symptoms.
In a study at San Francisco State University, Dr.
Peper, along with his student Vicci Tibbets, worked with a group of
asthmatics to help them learn self-regulation approaches.
Participants met in a group for sixteen weeks, using the power
of group support. They were given slow diaphragmatic breathing and
biofeedback training for calming the upper body muscles. Once
breathing techniques were mastered, the participants learned to use
them in increasingly stressful situations. As they began to feel in
control, their fears decreased, and a sense of hope arised. Those
participants who controled their lives and continued with their
training were found to be in better shape at the fifteen-month
follow-up, showing that self-responsibility contributed to the
improvement of their health.