Imagery in Medicine
Imagery is a part of almost all relaxation and stress-reduction
techniques. It is a proven method for pain relief, for helping people tolerate
medical procedures and treatments and reducing side effects, and for
stimulating curing responses in the body. Imagery can assist in
clarifying attitudes, emotions, behaviors, and lifestyle patterns
that may be involved in producing illness. It can also facilitate
recovery, and be used to help people find meaning in their illnesses,
cope more effectively with their health problems, and come to grips
with life's limitations.
For many people, imagery is the easiest way to learn to
relax, and its active nature makes it more comfortable than other
methods of relaxation. Learning to relax is fundamental to
self-curing.
Treating People Rather Than Symptoms
Dr. Bresler
states that imagery can be applied to almost any health care, because
it is a way of treating people rather than
symptoms or diseases. The following areas of application are some examples of
where imagery can be useful, but this list is by no means complete.
Imagery is often used for relief of chronic
pain, and other symptoms, including headaches, neck and back pain,
allergies (including hay fever and asthma), high blood pressure,
benign arrhythmias (heartbeat irregularities), stress-related
gastrointestinal symptoms (including chronic abdominal pain and
spastic colon), functional urinary complaints, and reproductive
irregularities including premenstrual syndrome, irregular
menstruation, dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation), and even
excessive uterine bleeding. It can also accelerate curing and
minimize discomfort from all kinds of acute
injuries, including sprains, strains, and broken bones, as well as
from the symptoms of the common cold, flus, and infections. Because
imagery can affect immune system function, within limits, there is a
great deal of interest among researchers of mind/body medicine for
applying it to a broad spectrum of autoimmune diseases, including
rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, and systemic lupus
erythematosus (a chronic inflammatory disease with symptoms
including arthritis, fatigue, and skin lesions).
Finally, a great number of people with cancer
have used imagery as part of their recovery process. O. Carl
Simonton, M.D., radiation oncologist, was first who pioneered
imagery in cancer therapy. He used imagery as a means of reinforcing
traditional medical treatments, suggesting that his patients imagine
their cancer cells as anything soft that can be broken down,
like hamburger meat, or fish eggs, and their warrior white
cells as aggressive and eager for battle.
Dr. Simonton first employed this technique in
1971 with a sixty-one years old throat cancer patient. He was
extremely weak, his weight had dropped to ninety-eight pounds, and
he was having trouble breathing and swallowing his own saliva.
Although he was scheduled to receive radiation treatment, his
doctors were concerned that treating him would further worsen his condition.
Dr. Simonton outlined a program of relaxation
and imagery for the man, instructing him to devote five to fifteen
minutes three times a day. The imagery exercise consisted of
imagining the radiation treatment as "bullets of energy"
striking his cells, healthy and cancerous alike, with the healthy
cells remaining healthy and the cancer cells dying off. The man
would then visualize his cancer shrinking in size and his health
returning to normal. As a result of this program, the man was able
to receive radiation treatment with minimum discomfort. Halfway
through his treatment, he began eating again, and regaining weight
and strength. Within two months, his cancer completely disappeared.
Patricia Norris, Ph.D., a pioneer in the field
of imagery and author of Why Me?, works with people with
serious illnesses. Dr. Norris likes to distinguish between two types
of imagery: That which uses /images preconceived by the therapist as
a means of suggesting curing; and imagery created by the patient as
a way to better understand the meaning of symptoms or to access
inner resources. Dr. Norris remembered a nine-year-old Garrett
Porter, who was
diagnosed with an inoperable, terminal brain tumor. By creating an
imagery scenario with Garrett (based on his favorite TV show, "Star
Trek"), used in combination with biofeedback, Dr. Norris was
able to guide Garrett through a year of intensive therapy, after
which the boy's tumor
completely disappeared.
Even when cancer patients are not cured through
imagery, they report benefits from its use, including relief from
anxiety and pain, increased self-esteem, and an increased sense of
control over their bodies. They also report an increased ability to
tolerate chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
In addition to being used to explore diseases
and symptoms, imagery can be helpful for enhancing tolerance to
medical procedures such as MRI's (magnetic resonance imaging), bone
marrow biopsies, cancer chemotherapy, and radiation. Imagery can
also help prepare people for surgery and postsurgical recovery.
In fact, imagery can be applied to almost any
medical situation where problem solving, decision making, relaxation,
or symptom relief is useful. Imagery can be considered as an
addition treatment to health care no matter how minor the condition. Jeanne Achterberg, Ph.D., President of the Association
for Transpersonal Psychology, says, establishing healing patterns is far
easier when the individual is relatively healthy than when faced
with a serious disease. Once someone is diagnosed as being seriously
ill, the person often lacks the emotional resources and belief
system to use imagery to its best advantage.
An Imagery Relaxation Exercise
This simple technique can be used as a stress
reducer either for a few minutes, or half an hour. It's best when
learning it to have another person read and guide you through the
steps until they are familiar. You can also tape the exercise
yourself and listen to it before going to bed at night.
Get comfortable, either lying down or sitting
up. Take a few deep breaths and begin to imagine that with each
in-breath, you take in calmness and peacefulness-with each
out-breath you release tension, discomfort, and worry. Let your
breath find its own natural rate and rhythm and continue to imagine
breathing in calmness and peacefulness, and breathing out tension
and worry.
Relax your body. Imagine breathing
calmness into your feet and legs-release any tension on the
out-breath. Breathe into your pelvis, hips, and low back, and
release on the out-breath-don't struggle or make an effort-just
imagine this happening in your own way. Breathe calmness into your
abdomen and release tension on the out-breath, breathe into your
chest and release tension as you exhale, breathe peacefulness into
your neck and shoulders, and release tension as you exhale. Breathe
calmness into your arms and hands all the way to the fingertips, and
relax as you let go of the breath, breathe into your face and jaws,
into your scalp and forehead, into your eyes and release all tension.
Allow your whole body to sink into a peaceful, relaxed state.
Now imagine yourself in a place that is
particularly peaceful and beautiful, perhaps a place you've actually
visited, or a place imagined-a special place you'd really like to be.
Imagine yourself there now-notice the details-what you see, the
colors, shapes, living things. Notice what you hear in this special
place, smell any aromas or odors you associate with this place, pay
special attention to any feelings of peacefulness and relaxation
that you feel and allow yourself to experience them as fully as
possible.
Whenever you are ready, simply allow the
/images to fade and, taking all the time you need, bring yourself
back to the outer world, gently opening your eyes and stretching as
you return.